Cold Plasma-Assisted Extraction of Phytochemicals: A Review

Traditional methods for extracting health-boosting plant compounds often rely on toxic solvents and scorching heat. Could a cool, green technology change the game?

Bioactive plant compounds hold immense potential for reducing the risk of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. Yet, conventional extraction techniques are increasingly out of step with environmental and economic demands. Enter cold plasma (CP), a non-thermal technology already familiar in the food industry. Recently, it has emerged as a promising, low-impact, and cost-effective solution for green extraction.

A comprehensive review utilizing VOSviewer software highlights a surge in scientific studies over the past two years. The analyzed literature shows that CP generally boosts the yield of essential oils and polyphenols while saving time, energy, and solvents. Notably, the best yields—along with enhanced antioxidant and antimicrobial properties—are achieved using mild process conditions with nitrogen as the working gas.

However, because this technique is very recent, critical questions remain. Researchers must better understand the exact mechanisms of plasma-plant interactions to prevent potential side reactions in a highly oxidative environment, ensuring the method is entirely safe for industrial-scale exploitation.

Key Points

• Cold plasma offers a green alternative for extracting plant compounds.
• Mild conditions and nitrogen gas yield optimal polyphenols and antioxidants.
• Further studies are needed to evaluate potential hazards at industrial scales.