Current and potential future biological uses of Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch: A comprehensive review

A critically endangered plant may hold the key to fighting COVID-19, cancer, and even fungal infections—welcome to the hidden powers of Saussurea costus.

Deep in traditional Saudi Arabian medicine, a plant called Saussurea costus has been quietly working wonders. Now, a comprehensive review reveals its true potential as a biological powerhouse. This critically endangered species is packed with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antifungal properties that could reshape modern treatments.

Scientists have dug into its chemical makeup, using cutting-edge tools like molecular docking against the SARS-CoV-2 protease—the virus behind COVID-19—and green extraction methods. The results are striking: S. costus shows promise in fighting infections, reducing inflammation, and even inhibiting viral replication. It may also help control Candida species, a common fungal culprit.

But that's not all. The plant has shown potential in treating thyroid disorders and liver injury, and it can even be used to synthesize nanoparticles with antimicrobial properties. Yet, despite these exciting findings, the review urges caution. More research and rigorous clinical trials are needed to confirm its safety and effectiveness.

The road ahead is clear: standardized methods and deeper biotechnological exploration could unlock S. costus's full therapeutic arsenal. For now, this endangered plant stands as a testament to nature's untapped pharmacy.

Key Points

• Critically endangered plant with diverse medicinal properties
• Shows antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity
• Potential against COVID-19, thyroid disorders, and liver injury