Development and optimization of green extraction of polyphenols in Michelia alba using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) and evaluation of bioactivity

Can a humble perennial herb hold the secret to advanced cardiovascular treatments? Scientists are unlocking the powerful compounds hidden inside Anchusa italica Retz. flowers using eco-friendly technology.

Deep inside the petals of *Anchusa italica Retz.*, a rich pharmacy awaits. Researchers deployed advanced UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS technology to map the complex chemical profile of these flowers, revealing that rosmarinic acid reigns supreme as a predominant compound, making up nearly 40% of the methanolic extract.

To harvest these treasures sustainably, the team turned to an innovative green extraction medium: a deep eutectic solvent paired with ultrasonic assistance. By fine-tuning the process using response surface methodology, they dialed in precise parameters—including a 29.051% water content, a 20.961 mL/g material-liquid ratio, an extraction time of 35.725 minutes, and 240.342 W of ultrasonic power.

The results speak for themselves. In vitro antioxidant assays proved that rosmarinic acid boasts remarkable therapeutic potential, showing over 90% radical scavenging rates in both DPPH and ABTS tests. This optimized, sustainable protocol paves the way for cleaner, highly efficient natural product chemistry.

Key Points

• Rosmarinic acid forms 39.8511% of the methanolic flower extract
• Ultrasonic-assisted deep eutectic solvents optimize green extraction efficiency
• Rosmarinic acid shows over 90% radical scavenging capabilities