Exploring the molecular mechanism of targeted extraction of novel flavonoid components in licorice using natural deep eutectic solvent

What if the key to unlocking hidden plant compounds lies in a green, natural solvent? This study dives into the molecular dance between licorice and Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) to reveal novel flavonoids with precision.

The scourge of food waste demands more than just disposal—it calls for innovation. This research turns to almond hulls, an abundant agricultural byproduct, and gives them a second life as a source of bioactive compounds. For the first time, almond hull extract (AHE) was tested against two notorious bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, both in their free-floating and biofilm states.

The extract was obtained using an optimized, eco-friendly ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), then characterized by HPLC-MS and NMR. The stars of the show were polyphenols, especially phenolic acids and flavonoids. These compounds showed real muscle: AHE inhibited bacterial growth and disrupted biofilm formation, while also promoting biofilm removal.

But safety first—AHE proved non-toxic to normal human fibroblasts (HDFa cells) in MTT assays. This means the extract could be a sustainable antimicrobial agent without harming human cells. The takeaway? Food waste valorization isn't just an environmental win; it's a treasure trove for antimicrobial discovery.

Key Points

• First study on almond hull extract's anti-biofilm activity.
• Eco-friendly UAE extraction yields polyphenol-rich extract.
• Non-toxic to human cells, promising sustainable antimicrobial.