Extraction, Purification, Bioactivity and Pharmacological Effects of Phycobiliproteins (PBPs): A Review

What if the key to sustainable health and cosmetics lies in the vibrant colors of algae? A new review reveals how these tiny organisms pack a powerful bioactive punch.

The quest for natural, eco-friendly ingredients is heating up, and algae are emerging as unlikely heroes. These marine plants are rich in proteins, fatty acids, vitamins, and pigments—especially phycobiliproteins (PBPs). Found mainly in cyanobacteria and red algae, these colorful proteins are more than just pretty; they boast a wide range of potential applications in food, cosmetics, and medicine.

But extracting PBPs is no walk in the park. Traditional methods like homogenization, maceration, and freezing are time-consuming, energy-hungry, and often yield disappointing results. That's why scientists are turning to greener alternatives, such as ultrasound-assisted extraction, ionic liquids, and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). These innovative techniques promise better efficiency with a smaller environmental footprint.

This review dives into the latest green extraction and purification methods for PBPs, examining how environmental growth conditions influence their production. It also highlights the biological and pharmacological activities of these pigments, from their antioxidant potential to their possible roles in fighting disease. The goal? To pave the way for sustainable, large-scale use of algae—turning their vibrant colors into real-world solutions.

Key Points

• Green extraction methods for phycobiliproteins are advancing.
• NADES and ultrasound offer sustainable alternatives.
• PBPs show bioactivity for food, cosmetics, biomedicine.