Green and efficient extraction of flavonoids from Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. leaves based on natural deep eutectic solvents: Process optimization, component identification, and biological activity

What if the secret to unlocking nature's powerful antioxidants lies in a solvent that is as green as the leaves it extracts?

Flavonoids from Perilla frutescens leaves are potent bioactive compounds, but traditional extraction methods often rely on harsh, toxic solvents. Researchers have now turned to natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES)—a green, sustainable alternative that mimics nature's own chemistry. By pairing NADES with ultrasonic assistance, they achieved a remarkable boost in extraction efficiency, all while keeping the process environmentally friendly.

The study meticulously optimized the extraction process using response surface methodology. Key parameters—water content, material-liquid ratio, extraction time, and ultrasonic power—were fine-tuned to maximize yield. The result: a significantly higher recovery of total polyphenols and flavonoids, with the main components identified through advanced UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS analysis.

But the benefits don't stop at extraction. The resulting extracts demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, effectively scavenging free radicals in vitro. This positions NADES-based extraction as not just a greener choice, but a smarter one—preserving the bioactivity that makes these compounds valuable for health and medicine.

This research underscores a pivotal shift in natural product chemistry: moving from wasteful, toxic processes to elegant, efficient, and sustainable solutions. For scientists and enthusiasts alike, it's a glimpse into the future of green chemistry.

Key Points

• NADES + ultrasound boosts flavonoid extraction yield.
• Optimization via response surface methodology maximizes efficiency.
• Extracts show strong antioxidant activity in vitro.