In vitro evaluation of goldfish (Stachys byzantina K. Koch) extracts obtained using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES)

What if a common garden plant could be a treasure trove of health benefits? This study dives into the hidden potential of goldfish extracts, revealing their antioxidant and antimicrobial powers.

The study explored extracts from goldfish (Stachys byzantina) using a green, ultrasound-assisted method with natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). These eco-friendly solvents are a modern alternative to traditional chemicals, making the extraction process more sustainable. The focus was on the extracts' physicochemical and biological properties, including their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and prebiotic potential.

Results showed that the extracts contained a mix of bioactive compounds, with galacturonic acid, galactose, glucose, arabinose, and fructose as key sugars. The extracts demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, with scavenging abilities ranging from 59% to 82% at a concentration of 1000 mg/L. They also inhibited key enzymes: α-amylase (83%), α-glucosidase (81%), and ACE (45%), suggesting potential for managing blood sugar and blood pressure. Furthermore, the extracts showed antiproliferative effects against Caco-2 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity.

Most notably, the extracts enhanced the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, including Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria, during in vitro fermentation. They also boosted the production of short-chain fatty acids, which are vital for gut health. The study concludes that these extracts could be a promising functional food ingredient, turning a simple plant into a source of wellness.

Key Points

• Ultrasound-assisted NADES extraction yields bioactive polysaccharides.
• Extracts show strong antioxidant (59-82%) and enzyme inhibition.
• Enhances beneficial gut bacteria and short-chain fatty acids.