NADES and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction for Recovery and Stability of Flavonoids from Ipomoea pes-caprae Leaves: Process Optimization, Phytometabolomics, Solvent Recyclability/Reusability, Stability Testing, and Mechanistic Insights

What if the key to unlocking nature's powerful flavonoids lies in a simple weed and a gentle ultrasound bath? This study shows how a green solvent system can extract and stabilize these compounds from Ipomoea pes-caprae leaves—without harsh chemicals.

Forget harsh solvents and energy-hungry methods. Researchers are turning to Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES)—a new class of green, biodegradable solvents—paired with ultrasound to gently coax out flavonoids from the leaves of Ipomoea pes-caprae, a coastal plant often dismissed as a weed. The combination is not only effective but also kind to the environment.

The study optimized the extraction process, balancing parameters like solvent composition, time, and temperature to maximize yield. Phytometabolomics revealed the complex profile of bioactive compounds, while solvent recyclability tests showed that NADES can be reused without losing efficiency—a major win for sustainability.

Stability testing confirmed that the extracted flavonoids remain robust under various conditions, suggesting practical applications in food, cosmetics, or pharmaceuticals. Mechanistic insights shed light on how ultrasound enhances mass transfer and cell disruption, making the process both rapid and gentle.

This work underscores the potential of underutilized plant sources and green technologies to create high-value ingredients. It's a step toward a circular economy where waste becomes a treasure—and a weed becomes a pharmacy.

Key Points

• NADES + ultrasound extracts flavonoids efficiently.
• Solvents are recyclable and reusable without loss.
• Extracted flavonoids show good stability under conditions.