Tiger Nut (Cyperus esculentus L.): A Systematic Review of Metabolic Regulation, Functional Bioactivities, and Sustainable Food Applications

Move over, chickpeas—there's a new root in town, and it's packed with untapped bioactives. This study shows how a humble agricultural by-product can be transformed into a goldmine of antioxidants using cold plasma and green solvents.

Chickpea roots are usually discarded, but they hide a treasure trove of bioactive compounds. Researchers developed a two-step extraction method to unlock them. First, the root powder is zapped with atmospheric air low-pressure cold plasma—a non-thermal treatment that preps the material. Then, ultrasound-assisted extraction with natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) pulls out the good stuff.

The results are striking. The combined process boosted total phenolic content and antioxidant activity (DPPH) compared to untreated samples. The sweet spot was 11.5 minutes at 52 watts and 0.65 millibars. The Box-Behnken design predicted these values accurately, confirming the method's reliability.

But it's not just about extraction. The team also checked microbial load and color stability, ensuring the root powder remains high-quality and functional. This eco-friendly approach turns waste into a valuable resource for functional foods, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals—proving that sustainability and science make a powerful pair.

Key Points

• Cold plasma + ultrasound + NADES boosts antioxidants from chickpea roots.
• Optimal extraction: 11.5 min, 52 W, 0.65 mbar.
• Eco-friendly valorization of agricultural by-products for functional foods.